Extraction de terres rares
Extraction de terres rares (méthode d'extraction par solvant) est le processus industriel de base pour séparer et purifier les éléments des terres rares des minéraux mélangés. It utilizes the difference in distribution coefficients of different rare earth ions in organic solvents and inorganic aqueous phases to achieve the separation of high-purity single rare earth elements. This technology has established China’s dominant position in the global rare earth smelting and separation field.
The following is the core structure of rare earth extraction process:
1. Core principles and processes
Basic principle: Mix an acidic solution (phase aqueuse) containing multiple rare earths with a specific organic extractant (phase organique) vigorously in an extraction box. Due to the differences in chemical properties of different rare earth elements, they will transfer to the organic phase with different affinities.
Multi stage cross flow/countercurrent extraction: Due to the extremely similar properties between rare earth elements (especially adjacent lanthanide elements), continuous extraction, la lessive, and back extraction at hundreds or even thousands of levels are necessary to separate a single rare earth element to a purity of up to 99.999%.
2. Common extractants
According to different types of rare earth minerals and extraction requirements, the following types of phosphorus or amine organic extractants are commonly used in industry:
P204 (HDEHP): Acidic extractant, mainly used for the separation of heavy rare earths and the extraction of elements such as yttrium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, etc..
P507 (EHEHPA): Acidic extractant with high separation coefficient, is currently the mainstream reagent for separating light rare earths (such as lanthanum, cérium, praséodyme, neodymium).
N235 (N1923): Alkaline/neutral extractant, commonly used for separating light rare earths or extracting associated elements from hydrochloric acid systems.
3. Technological breakthroughs and industrial impacts
Cascade extraction theory: proposed by the team of renowned Chinese chemist Academician Xu Guangxian, it solves the world-class problem of traditional processes being difficult to achieve industrial mass production of single high-purity rare earths, and enables China’s rare earth separation technology to reach a global leading level.
Green extraction process: Modern extraction technology is developing towards non saponification and low ammonia nitrogen wastewater discharge to solve the environmental pain points in traditional extraction processes.
Nos extracteurs de métaux comme ci-dessous, Si vous avez besoin d'une sorte, s'il vous plaît demandez-nous:
- P204 (D2EHPA ou HDEHP) Ceci est utilisé comme première étape pour éliminer les impuretés du minerai de nickel latéritique.
- P507 extracteur de métaux non ferreux pour le cuivre, zinc, cobalt-nickel, cadmium, or, argent, métaux du groupe du platine, terres rares et ainsi de suite.
- DY272 Extracteur de séparation nickel-cobalt, il peut extraire le cobalt de la solution de nickel-cobalt, puis laisse du nickel pur.
- DY984N réactif d'extraction par solvant du cuivre.
- DY319 extracteur de co-extraction de nickel et de cobalt à haut rendement pour le recyclage des batteries, peut extraire le nickel et le cobalt ensemble de l'électrolyte de la batterie au lithium.
- QL256-2 Extracteur de co-extraction de nickel, de cobalt et de manganèse.
- DY377 Extracteur efficace de séparation du nickel et du diamant.
- DY366 Extracteur de scandium.
- DY316 Extracteur de lithium.
